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  • 噪聲防治的方法
  • 本站編輯:浙江瑞茂環(huán)境工程有限公司發(fā)布日期:2019-06-10 06:48 瀏覽次數(shù):
我國(guó)心理學(xué)界認(rèn)為,控制噪音環(huán)境,除了考慮人的因素之外,還須兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)上的可行性。充分的噪音控制,必須考慮噪音源、傳音途徑、受音者所組成的整個(gè)系統(tǒng)??刂圃胍舻拇胧┛梢葬槍?duì)上述三個(gè)部分或其中任何一個(gè)部分。噪音控制的內(nèi)容包括:
①在聲源處控制。降低聲源噪音,工業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)可以選用低噪音的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)工藝,或者改變?cè)胍粼吹倪\(yùn)動(dòng)方式(如用阻尼、隔振等措施降低固體發(fā)聲體的振動(dòng))。
②在噪聲傳播途中控制。在傳音途徑上降低噪音(在傳播過(guò)程中)控制噪音的傳播,改變聲源已經(jīng)發(fā)出的噪音傳播途徑,如采用吸音、隔音、音屏障、隔振、多栽樹(shù)等措施,以及合理規(guī)劃城市和建筑布局等。
③在人耳處減弱噪聲。受音者或受音器官的噪音防護(hù),在聲源和傳播途徑上無(wú)法采取措施,或采取的聲學(xué)措施仍不能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果時(shí),就需要對(duì)受音者或受音器官采取防護(hù)措施,如長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)性噪音暴露的工人可以戴耳塞 、耳罩或頭盔等護(hù)耳器。

噪音控制在技術(shù)上雖然現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成熟,但由于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)規(guī)模很大,要采取噪音控制的企業(yè)和場(chǎng)所為數(shù)甚多,因此在防止噪音問(wèn)題上,必須從技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和效果等方面進(jìn)行綜合權(quán)衡。當(dāng)然,具體問(wèn)題應(yīng)當(dāng)具體分析。在控制室外、設(shè)計(jì)室、車間或職工長(zhǎng)期工作的地方,噪音的強(qiáng)度要低;庫(kù)房或少有人去車間或空曠地方,噪音稍高一些也是可以的??傊?,對(duì)待不同時(shí)間、不同地點(diǎn)、不同性質(zhì)與不同持續(xù)時(shí)間的噪音,應(yīng)有一定的區(qū)別

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Our country psychology academic circles thinks, control noise environment, besides consider human factor, also must take into account the economic and technical feasibility. Adequate noise control must take into account the entire system of noise sources, transmission pathways, and receivers. Noise control measures can be aimed at the above three parts or any one of them. Noise control includes:
Control at the sound source. To reduce acoustic noise, the industrial and transportation industries can use low-noise production equipment and improve the production process, or change the movement of noise sources(such as using damping, vibration isolation and other measures to reduce the vibration of solid acoustic bodies).
2 Control in the course of noise propagation. To reduce noise(during the transmission process) in the sound transmission route to control the transmission of noise and change the noise transmission channels already emitted by the sound source, such as adopting measures such as sound absorption, sound insulation, sound barrier, vibration isolation, and multiple planting of trees, And planning the layout of cities and buildings.
The noise is attenuated in the human ear. Noise protection of the recipient or organ requires protection of the recipient or organ when measures can not be taken in terms of sound source and transmission route, or when acoustic measures taken can not achieve the desired effect. Workers with long-term occupational noise exposure may wear earmuffs, earmuffs or helmets.
Although noise control is now technically mature, due to the large scale of modern industry and transportation, there are a large number of enterprises and places that need to adopt noise control. Therefore, in terms of noise prevention, A comprehensive trade-off must be made in terms of technology, economy and effectiveness. Of course, specific issues should be specifically analysed. (b) Low noise intensity in areas that control outdoor, design, workshop or long-term work of employees; Stores or few people go to the workshop or open space. A little more noise is also possible. In short, there should be a certain difference in the treatment of noise at different times, different locations, different properties, and different duration.